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This article is a collection of short commentaries by recognized networking experts offering their perspectives on the relation between active networks and "end-to-end arguments". The first commentary, by Bhattacharjee, Calvert, a...
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This article is a collection of short commentaries by recognized networking experts offering their perspectives on the relation between active networks and "end-to-end arguments". The first commentary, by Bhattacharjee, Calvert, and Zegura, frames the question and makes a case arguing that active networking does not conflict with end-to-end argument principles. These authors are leading a research group at Georgia Institute of Technology working on the CANEs (composable active network elements) project, which focuses on service composition and applications for active networking. They also participate in the DARPA active network community's efforts to define network/node and service composition architectures. The second commentary, by Partridge, Strayer, Schwartz, and Jackson, claims that end-to-end arguments discourage active networking in the Internet layer, but encourage active networking at all other layers except perhaps the transport layer. The BBN Technologies (part of GTE Corp.) team has completed a DARPA project called Smart Packets, where concisely encoded active packets are used for network management and diagnostics in IP. Reed, Saltzer, and Clark reexamine their original end-to-end arguments specifically within the context of active networks.
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This article provides an overview of the Policy Management for Autonomic Computing (PMAC) platform, and shows how it can be used for the management of networked systems. We present the policy information model adopted by PMAC and ...
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This article provides an overview of the Policy Management for Autonomic Computing (PMAC) platform, and shows how it can be used for the management of networked systems. We present the policy information model adopted by PMAC and the system model for interaction between the policy manager and the managed resource. We also present the main components of PMAC for policy creation, storage, evaluation, and enforcement, and present practical applications of PMAC in networks management.
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Recent advances in wireless networking technology and the increasing demand for ubiquitous, mobile connectivity demonstrate the importance of providing reliable systems for managing the reconfiguration and disconnection of compone...
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Recent advances in wireless networking technology and the increasing demand for ubiquitous, mobile connectivity demonstrate the importance of providing reliable systems for managing the reconfiguration and disconnection of components. The design of such systems requires tools and techniques appropriate to the task. Many formal models of computation, including UNITY, are not adequate for expressing reconfiguration and disconnection and are, therefore, inappropriate vehicles for investigating the impact of mobility on the construction of modular and composable systems. Algebraic formalisms such as the /spl pi/-calculus have been proposed for modeling mobility. This paper addresses the question of whether UNITY, a state-based formalism with a foundation in temporal logic, can be extended to address concurrent, mobile systems. In the process, we examine some new abstractions for communication among mobile components that express reconfiguration and disconnection and which can be composed in a modular fashion.
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The managers of local area networks must often determine how to share the initial fixed cost of the network among its users. The methods commonly used for this task are unsatisfactory. An alternative technique to solve this proble...
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The managers of local area networks must often determine how to share the initial fixed cost of the network among its users. The methods commonly used for this task are unsatisfactory. An alternative technique to solve this problem is presented and applied to the network of an actual corporation. The technique is based on four simplifications derived from the Shapley Value. The simplifications generate the same cost division as the Shapley Value and are easier to calculate. The results of the method are demonstrated and the network managers reaction is noted.
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The authors present an overview of the January/February 1994 issue of IEEE Network which includes seven articles on distributed telecommunications systems.
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One of the main problems in home networked systems is the wide diversity of technologies, application requirements and cost allowance for devices and systems in general. This is translated to a division into different islands of t...
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One of the main problems in home networked systems is the wide diversity of technologies, application requirements and cost allowance for devices and systems in general. This is translated to a division into different islands of technology that goes down to single manufacturer systems, thus blocking the way to the system integration as the main reason for the existence of the network. It is widely accepted that achieving the interworking is the most important aspect of a system specification. Object-oriented modelling associated with proper application management mechanisms for trading and binding provides the best approach to standardisation work on home systems interworking. We take here as an example the work toward an interoperability specification for an energy management system. The system described spans several communication media and brings together several consumer and producer entities. The system aims to provide increased comfort while either minimising the usage of resources or their cost for the same level of usage. Results from installed and running systems show the success of the approach.
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The residential gateway (RGW) is a key device, located in the customer premises, standing between the home network and the access network. It imposes a considerable cost for the operator and constitutes a single point of failure f...
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The residential gateway (RGW) is a key device, located in the customer premises, standing between the home network and the access network. It imposes a considerable cost for the operator and constitutes a single point of failure for all the services offered to residential customers-such as Internet access, voice over IP, IPTV, and video-on-demand. RGW virtualization promises to tackle these issues, but its success has been hampered by scalability and implementation restrictions. However, developments such as the rise of software-defined networking and network function virtualization technologies, together with the evolution of the access network, namely through the deployment of Fiber-to-the-Premises accesses, have finally enabled RGW virtualization in an unprecedented scale. In this paper we revisit the virtual RGW concept, considering its evolution up to the most recent proposals as well as future challenges and developments.
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The telecommunications information networking architecture (TINA), which builds on the current advances in broadband communication and distributed computing technologies, specifying a software-based architecture for future informa...
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The telecommunications information networking architecture (TINA), which builds on the current advances in broadband communication and distributed computing technologies, specifying a software-based architecture for future information networks that are required to transport multimedia information and manage multimedia communication, is described. An important aspect of the architecture is that service segment functions are separated from delivery segment functions. Another key aspect is the elimination of the rigid division between network applications and operations applications that exists in current-day networks. In the TINA architecture, both kinds of applications execute on a common distributed processing platform that hides from applications the effects and complexities introduced by distribution. The architecture supports application interoperability enabling flexible construction of services, composed of service components distributed across network domains, allowing network operators and service providers to cooperatively meet the needs of the user.
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In the past, each new network element of a wireless network had a corresponding management system to provide management capabilities. Each of these management systems had a different user interface, employed a different computing ...
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In the past, each new network element of a wireless network had a corresponding management system to provide management capabilities. Each of these management systems had a different user interface, employed a different computing platform, and typically managed one type of network element. The total O&M system was the sum of these independent resources, consuming partial solutions that made network management tasks inefficient, complex, time consuming, and expensive to administer. Large operations costs borne from these inefficiencies were once buffered by large cellular operator profits. With the introduction of PCS, operators became extremely cost conscious and sought to eradicate these large costs. Additionally, wireless service providers moved into a mixed vendor environment, where network elements manufactured by several vendors are used, so they could no longer afford different management systems for each network element. In today's environment, a wireless service provider who can provide better service quality at the lowest price will be the ultimate winner. The key to providing better service quality at the lowest price is to have efficient network management. As the wireless industry strives to push wireless prices on a par with wireline, the necessity for reduced network operation and management costs takes on increasing importance.
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A comprehensive network management function built into the interconnection network provides a means of meeting user needs of fault tolerance, performance, accounting, and security. However, meeting these needs on a heterogeneous i...
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A comprehensive network management function built into the interconnection network provides a means of meeting user needs of fault tolerance, performance, accounting, and security. However, meeting these needs on a heterogeneous interconnection network is several levels more complex than on a homogeneous network because of the existence of multiple protocol stacks for communication. An architecture that will solve this problem by analyzing the heterogeneous interconnection network as a single entity is proposed. The authors present the design issues evaluated in choosing this approach and establish the need for the various components in this architecture. An overview is presented of each of the components, and their place in the architecture is pointed out.
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